One case of complicated crown root fracture of upper anterior teeth managed by multidisciplinary joint approaches.

Complicated crown root fracture is a serious combined fracture of the enamel, dentin, and cementum in dental trauma. The treatment method is complicated. During the procedure, the condition of pulp, periodontal, and tooth body should be thoroughly evaluated, and a multidisciplinary approach combined with sequential treatment is recommended. This case reported the different treatment and repair processes of one case of two affected teeth after complicated crown root fracture of upper anterior teeth, including regrafting of broken crown after flap surgery at the first visit, direct resin repair to remove broken fragments, and pulp treatment and post-crown repair at the second visit. After 18 months of follow-up, the preservation treatment of the affected teeth with complicated crown root fracture was achieved. Therefore, fragment reattachment and post-crown restoration are feasible treatment options for children with complicated crown root fracture.

Electrochemical Knocking-Down of Zn Metal Clusters into Single Atoms.

Single Atoms Catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a class of highly promising heterogeneous catalysts, where the traditional bottom-up synthesis approaches often encounter considerable challenges in relation to aggregation issues and poor stability. Consequently, achieving densely dispersed atomic species in a reliable and efficient manner remains a key focus in the field. Herein, we report a new facile electrochemical knock-down strategy for the formation of SACs, whereby the metal Zn clusters are transformed into single atoms. While a defect-rich substrate plays a pivotal role in capturing and stabilizing isolated Zn atoms, the feasibility of this novel strategy is demonstrated through a comprehensive investigation, combining experimental and theoretical studies. Furthermore, when studied in exploring for potential applications, the material prepared shows a remarkable improvement of 58.21% for the Li+ storage and delivers a capacity over 300 Wh kg-1 after 500 cycles upon the transformation of Zn clusters into single atoms.

Clinical outcome of a branch-first approach with a novel continuous whole-brain perfusion strategy for total arch surgery.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral protection strategies have been investigated since the introduction of aortic arch surgery and have been modified over the centuries. However, the cerebral protective effects of unilateral and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion are similar, with opportunities for further improvement. METHODS: A total of 30 patients who underwent total arch surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were assigned to the novel continuous whole-brain or unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion group according to the cerebral perfusion technique used. Preoperative clinical data and 1-year postoperative follow-up data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the incidence of permanent neurological deficit, mortality, or therapeutic efficacy. However, the incidence of temporary neurological dysfunction in the novel whole-brain perfusion group was significantly lower than that in the unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion group. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the branch-first approach with a novel whole-brain perfusion strategy had no obvious disadvantages compared with unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion in terms of cerebral protection and surgical safety. These findings suggest that this new technique is feasible and has application value for total arch surgery.

Water-Stable High-Entropy Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising platforms for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their fascinating physiochemical properties. Rationally engineering the compositions and structures of MOFs can provide abundant opportunities for their optimization. In recent years, high-entropy materials (HEMs) have demonstrated great potential in the energy and environment fields. However, there is still no report on the development of high-entropy MOFs (HE-MOFs) for photocatalytic HER in aqueous solution. Herein, the authors report the synthesis of a novel p-type HE-MOFs single crystal (HE-MOF-SC) and the corresponding HE-MOFs nanosheets (HE-MOF-NS) capable of realizing visible-light-driven photocatalytic HER. Both HE-MOF-SC and HE-MOF-NS exhibit higher photocatalytic HER activity than all the single-metal MOFs, which are supposed to be ascribed to the interplay between the different metal nodes in the HE-MOFs that enables more efficient charge transfer. Moreover, impressively, the HE-MOF-NS demonstrates much higher photocatalytic activity than the HE-MOF-SC due to its thin thickness and enhanced surface area. At optimum conditions, the rate of H2 evolution on the HE-MOF-NS is ≈13.24 mmol h-1 g-1, which is among the highest values reported for water-stable MOF photocatalysts. This work highlights the importance of developing advanced high-entropy materials toward enhanced photocatalysis.

Effects of nitrate- and ammonium- nitrogen on anatomical and physiological responses of Catalpa bungei under full and partial root-zone drought.

Catalpa bungei is a precious timber species distributed in North China where drought often occurs. To clarify adaptive responses of C. bungei to partial- and full- root-zone drought under the influence of nitrogen forms, a two-factor experiment was conducted in which well-watered (WW), partial root-zone drought in horizontal direction (H-PRD) and in vertical direction (V-PRD), and full root-zone drought (FRD) were combined with nitrate-nitrogen (NN) and ammonium-nitrogen (AN) treatments. C. bungei responded to FRD by sharply closing stomata, decreasing gas exchange rate and increasing leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). Under FRD condition, the growth of seedlings was severely inhibited and the effect of N forms was covered up by the drastic drought effect. In comparison, stomata conductance and gas exchanges were moderately inhibited by PRDs. WUEi in V-PRD treatment was superior to H-PRD due to the active stomata regulation resulting from a higher ABA level and active transcription of genes in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway under V-PRD. Under both PRDs and FRD, nitrate benefited antioxidant defense, stomata regulation and leaf WUEi. Under V-PRD, WUEi in nitrate treatment was superior to that in ammonium treatment due to active stomata regulation by signaling network of nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ and ABA. Under FRD, WUEi was higher in nitrate treatment due to the favoring photosynthetic efficiency resulting from active NO signal and antioxidant defense. The interactive effect of water and N forms was significant on wood xylem development. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) largely contributes to stress tolerance and xylem development.

Surface Enhanced Infrared Absorption Using Single Conducting Polymer Antennas.

Infrared absorption provides the intrinsic vibrational information on chemical bonds, which is important for identifying molecular moieties. To enhance the sensitivity of infrared absorption, plasmonic antennas have been widely used to localize and concentrate mid-infrared light into nanometer-scale hotspots at desired wavelengths. Here, instead of inorganic plasmonic antennas, we have demonstrated surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) using single plasmonic antennas based on a conducting polymer. With commercially available PEDOT:PSS (poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)), the organic plasmonic antennas are in the fashion of single PEDOT:PSS micropillars. The plasmonic resonance of single PEDOT:PSS micropillar antennas can be easily tuned by the micropillar diameter or by the interantenna gap across the mid-infrared frequencies. These organic plasmonic antennas show the ability to enhance the molecular vibrations of CBP (4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl) molecules with a thickness of about 50 nm, illustrating the good SEIRA sensitivity (with SEIRA sensitivity up to ∼7800) at the single antenna level. Our findings provide another material choice for mid-infrared plasmonic antennas toward SEIRA applications.

Flavonol profiles of mature leaves allow discriminating Toona sinensis Roem from different north-south geographical origins across China with varied antioxidant activities.

Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) Roem, a multipurpose economic tree, is widely cultivated across Asia, but its high-yielding mature leaves are largely overlooked. This study systematically analysed the flavonols in the mature leaves of T. sinensis from 44 different geographic locations across China, using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS2 techniques. In total, 18 flavonols were detected, among which 6 (f1, f3, f7, f14, f15, and f17) were firstly identified in this plant. Significant variations in quality among different T. sinensis varieties were observed (p < 0.01). Through OPLS-DA analysis, all samples could be clearly categorised into two distinct geographical groups. The northern varieties (N1-N20) exhibited concise flavonol fingerprints with higher total flavonol content (TFC) (727.55 ± 22.79 mg/100 g fresh weight, FW), predominantly non-acylated flavonols (705.95 ± 21.65 mg/100 g FW), particularly quercetin glycosides (614.60 ± 22.76 mg/100 g FW). In contrast, the southern varieties (S1-S24) presented more intricate flavonol profiles with lower TFC (622.81 ± 21.82 mg/100 g FW) and balanced amounts of quercetin (344.75 ± 16.41 mg/100 g FW) and kaempferol glycosides (278.06 ± 12.29 mg/100 g FW). Notably, the southern samples possessed higher content of acylated flavonols (184.50 ± 12.87 mg/100 g FW), especially galloylated ones, which contributed to their heightened antioxidant activities. Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (f11') and kaempferol 3-O-galloyglucoside (f11) were determined to be the crucial biomarkers for quality discrimination. Considering quality control of mature T. sinensis leaves as potential resources for natural flavonol extraction, this study suggested that their northern/southern geographic origins should be distinguished first. Additionally, the flavonol profiles allow for discriminating the origin and assessing the quality of T. sinensis.

Analysis of flavor changes in Huangshan floral mushroom hydrolysates obtained by different enzyme treatments.

This study aimed to investigate the flavor changes in Huangshan floral mushroom by different enzyme treatments. Seven enzyme groups were used to hydrolyze its protein to obtain protein hydrolysates (FPHs). Flavourzyme composite with dispase hydrolysates (FDHs) were selected for ultrafiltration to obtain peptides (FPs) with different molecular weights (Mw). Changes in flavor were investigated using HPLC, LC-MS, GC-MS, amino acid analysis and sensory evaluation. Color parameters and DPPH-scavenging activity were also determined. The results revealed that flavor characteristics of FPHs obtained from different enzyme treatments varied. FDHs presented the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH) (58.61 ± 1.55) %, rich 5'-nucleotides (8.61 ± 0.43 mg/mL), volatile compounds (28.54 ± 0.11 µg/g) and free amino acids (FAAs) (7.73 ± 0.51 mg/g). Further tests suggested that FPs with small Mw (<1K, 1-3 K) were optimal for the development of novel flavors, thus providing application value for rational utilization of Huangshan floral mushroom.

Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in SMARCA4-deficient and TP53 mutant undifferentiated lung cancer.

The present study was conducted to characterize the clinicopathologic characteristics, immunohistochemical staining results, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy in patients with SMARCA4-deficient/TP53 mutant lung cancer. Patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic undifferentiated lung cancer harboring SMARCA4-deficient and TP53 mutations, however, without targetable sensitive mutations were retrieved from the electronic medical record system. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the baseline characteristics and clinical features including age, gender, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status, disease stage, smoking status, chief complaint, site of the primary mass, tumor size, gross type, symptoms, local invasion, and metastatic sizes. Immunological markers and potential drive genes were detected by immunohistochemical staining and next generation sequencing. Efficacy and safety profile of ICIs in included patients was evaluated with progression-free survival and overall survival. Between January 2019 and September 2022, there were 4 patients included within the inclusion criteria in the present study. Biomarkers including CK, CK7, and integrase interactor 1 were detected positive, however, other immunological markers including CK20, CD56, P63, P40, NapsinA, TTF-1, CgA, Syn, BRG1, or PD-L1 were detected negative among them. Results of next generation sequencing panel were failed to discover any targetable sensitive mutations. A total of 4 mutation types of TP53, including p.C141Y, p.S240G, p.E339X (terminator acquired), and p.L130F detected for the patients, respectively. Microsatellite stability status, as well as low tumor mutation burden was identified among all the patients. Median progression-free survival for ICIs as first line treatment and median overall survival were 3.25 months (range from 1.3 to 6.8 months), and 6.0 months (range from 2.7 to 9.6 months), respectively. Our results indicated that advanced lung cancer patients harboring co-occurring SMARCA4-deficient/TP53 mutations might respond to ICIs treatment, though within negative programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression or low tumor mutation burden. However, hyperprogressive disease by ICIs may also happen for such patients. The mutation types of TP53 might play a role during the exposure of ICIs, however, need further identification in basic experiments.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio may predict efficacy of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: retrospective cohort study.

This study aimed to investigate the associations between the clinical characteristics and effectiveness of anti-PD-1 inhibitors in patients with EGFR-sensitive mutations, aiming to identify the potential subgroup of patients who might benefit from anti-PD-1 inhibitor treatment. Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-sensitive mutations who received subsequent anti-PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy/antiangiogenic agents or alone after progression to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were screened. Clinical characteristics, including hematological parameters, were investigated for potential correlations with clinical outcomes. Subgroup and multivariate analyses were used for further confirmation of the relationship. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox survival regression models using the log-rank test were used for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) assessments between the groups. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the standard regression coefficient values. The Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of the variation in NLR. P ≤ 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. This study was a retrospective study. Twenty-two patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The median PFS was 3.05 months (95% CI, 2.9-10.2 months). The median OS was 7.30 months (95% CI, 5.2-18.1 months). PFS in low neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR ≤ 4) was significantly longer than high NLR (NLR > 4, 5.7 months versus 2.0 months, HR, 0.35, 95% CI, 0.08-0.63, P = 0.0083). The OS in the low NLR group was also significantly better than that in the high NLR group (OS, 21.3 months versus 5.0 months, HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.09-0.74; P = 0.0163). In the multivariate analysis, NLR was the only significant factor for OS benefits (ß = 3.535, 95% CI, 1.175-10.636, P = 0.025). Further investigation revealed that front-line TKIs exposure may contribute to the elevation or decrease of NLR, and finally lead to different efficacy outcomes by anti-PD-1 inhibitors. The findings suggest that a portion of advanced NSCLC patients with low NLR characteristics (NLR ≤ 4), even those harboring EGFR-sensitive mutations, could benefit from anti-PD-1 inhibitors as further line treatment after progression to EGFR-TKIs.

Structural characterization and anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharide HVP-1 from Volvariella volvacea.

In this study, a novel homogeneous polysaccharide (HVP-1) was purified from the Volvariella volvacea. Its structural characteristics and anti-oxidant activity in vitro were further evaluated. The results revealed that HVP-1 was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and arabinose in a molar ratio (mol %) of 55.37: 15.74: 25.20: 3.69. Its main chain consisted of →4)-ß-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →4)-ß-D-Manp-(1→ and →3,6)-ß-D-Manp-(1→. The branched structure α-L-Araf-(1→, →2)-ß-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-ß-D-Manp-(1→ were connected to →3,6)-ß-D-Manp-(1→ through the O-3 position. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that HVP-1 had porous sheet-like structure with a triple helix conformation. Anti-oxidant activity experiments showed that HVP-1 alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative damage by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, increasing the activity of related enzymes in cells, and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These results suggested that HVP-1 had the potential to be used as a natural anti-oxidant in functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

High-performance plastic-derived metal-free catalysts for organic pollutants degradation via Fenton-like reaction.

The preparation of waste plastics-derived catalysts is an effective strategy for the waste reclamation. However, plastic-derived material is unsuitable for wastewater purification due to its small specific surface area (SSA) and inadequate active sites (such as N/O sites). Herein, we synthesized graphene-like nanosheets using g-C3N4 as the self-sacrificing soft template and plastic as the carbon precursor. Consequently, this strategy greatly promoted the efficiencies of the emerging organic pollutants degradation with the SSA and N content of the plastic-derived biochar increasing up to 1043.4 m2/g and 17.53 at.%, respectively. In detail, 100 % sulfadiazine (SD) removal could be achieved in 180 s via the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and the catalytic activity is far higher than previous research. Mechanism experiments corroborated that such a striking performance was attributed to the generation of SO4•-, O2•- and 1O2. Meanwhile, kinds of plastic precursors, even medical waste (i.e., masks, gauze, operating caps and degreasing cotton) were also applicable. And the practical application of the plastic-derived catalyst was further demonstrated by treating pollutants in a continuous flow mode with in situ fabricated membrane. This work provides valuable insights into waste plastics processing and water pollutants removal.

Switch Volmer-Heyrovsky to Volmer-Tafel Pathway for Efficient Acidic Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Correlating Pt Single Atoms with Clusters.

As cost-effective catalysts, platinum (Pt) single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted substantial attention. However, most studies indicate that Pt SACs in acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) follow the slow Volmer-Heyrovsky (VH) mechanism instead of the fast kinetic Volmer-Tafel (VT) pathway. Here, this work propose that the VH mechanism in Pt SACs can be switched to the faster VT pathway for efficient HER by correlating Pt single atoms (SAs) with Pt clusters (Cs). Our calculations reveal that the correlation between Pt SAs and Cs significantly impacts the electronic structure of exposed Pt atoms, lowering the adsorption barrier for atomic hydrogen and enabling a faster VT mechanism. To validate these findings, this work purposely synthesize three catalysts: l-Pt@MoS2 , m-Pt@MoS2 and h-Pt@MoS2 with low, moderate, and high Pt-loading, having different distributions of Pt SAs and Cs. The m-Pt@MoS2 catalyst with properly correlating Pt SAs and Cs exhibits outstanding performance with an overpotential of 47 mV and Tafel slope of 32 mV dec-1 . Further analysis of the Tafel values confirms that the m-Pt@MoS2 sample indeed follows the VT reaction mechanism, aligning with the theoretical findings. This study offers a deep understanding of the synergistic mechanism, paving a way for designing novel-advanced catalysts.

Human Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease in an Intestinal Microbiome-Dependent Manner.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) represents a fatal severe complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. As a promising cell therapeutic strategy of aGVHD, the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to ameliorate aGVHD has not been fully clarified, especially in the field of intestinal homeostasis including the intestinal microbiome involved in the pathogenesis of aGVHD. The present study aimed to explore the effect of MSC on intestinal homeostasis including the intestinal barrier and intestinal microbiome and its metabolites, as well as the role of intestinal microbiome in the preventive process of hAMSCs ameliorating aGVHD. The preventive effects of human amniotic membrane-derived MSC (hAMSCs) was assessed in humanized aGVHD mouse models. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were used to evaluate intestinal barrier function. The 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics assay were performed to observe the alternation of intestinal microbiome and the amounts of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the frequencies of T immune cells. Through animal experiments, we found that hAMSCs had the potential to prevent aGVHD. HAMSCs could repair the damage of intestinal barrier structure and function, as well as improve the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiome induced by aGVHD, and meanwhile, upregulate the concentration of metabolites SCFAs, so as to reshape intestinal homeostasis. Gut microbiota depletion and fecal microbial transplantation confirmed the involvement of intestinal microbiome in the preventive process of hAMSCs on aGVHD. Our findings showed that hAMSCs prevented aGVHD in an intestinal microbiome-dependent manner, which might shed light on a new mechanism of hAMSCs inhibiting aGVHD and promote the development of new prophylaxis regimes for aGVHD prevention.

Minor stroke patients with mild-moderate diastolic blood pressure derive greater benefit from dual antiplatelet therapy.

Not only systolic blood pressure (SBP) but also diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increases the risk of recurrence in the short- or long-term outcomes of stroke. The interaction between DBP and antiplatelet treatment for China stroke patients is unclear. This multicenter, observational cohort study included 2976 minor ischemic stroke patients. Patients accepted single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after arrival, and baseline DBP levels were trichotomized into <90 mmHg, 90-110 mmHg and ≥110 mmHg. We explore the interaction effect between antiplatelet therapy and DBP on 90-days composite vascular events. A total of 257 (8.6%) patients reached a composite vascular event during follow-up. The interaction term between DBP levels and treatment group (SAPT vs. DAPT) was significant (P for interaction = 0.013). DAPT's adjusted HR for composite events in patients with DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.36 0.88; P = 0.011) and DBP ≥ 110 mmHg was 4.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-19.94; P = 0.046). The association between treatment and DBP was still consistent after propensity score matching of the baseline characteristics. The interaction term of DBP × treatment was not significant for the safety outcomes of severe bleeding (P for interaction = 0.301) or hemorrhage stroke (P for interaction = 0.831). In this cohort study based on the real world, patients with a DBP between 90 and 110 mmHg received a greater benefit from 90 days of DAPT than those with lower and higher baseline DBP. REGISTRATION: ( https://www.chictr.org.cn ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900025214).

Neuroprotective potential of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect.

PURPOSE: Intravenous anesthetics have excellent analgesic activity without inducing the side effect in the respiratory system. The aim and objective of the current experimental study was to access the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. METHODS: Isoflurane was used for induction the neurodysfunction in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sevoflurane (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg). Morris water test was carried out for the estimation of cognitive function. Neurochemical parameters, antioxidant parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also estimated. RESULTS: Sevoflurane significantly (P < 0.001) altered the neurochemical parameters such as anti-choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine esterase, acetylcholine, protein carbonyl, choline brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and amyloid ß; antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde; pro-inflammatory cytokines include interleukin (IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α. Sevoflurane significantly reduced the activity of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane exhibited the neuroprotection against the cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism.

A unique mutation in PIN-FORMED1 and a genetic pathway for reduced sensitivity of Arabidopsis roots to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid.

The small chemical N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) has long been used as a polar auxin transport inhibitor. Recent biochemical and structural investigations have revealed that this molecule competes with the auxin IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) inside the PIN-FORMED auxin efflux carriers. However, the existence of any mutations in PIN family proteins capable of uncoupling the docking of IAA from NPA remains unclear. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings overexpressing SMALL AUXIN UP RNA 41 were hypersensitive to NPA-induced root elongation inhibition. We mutagenized this line to improve the genetic screening efficiency for NPA hyposensitivity mutants. Using bulked segregation analysis and mapping-by-sequencing assessment of these mutants, we identified a core genetic pathway for NPA-induced root elongation inhibition, including genes required for auxin biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling. To evaluate specific changes of auxin signaling activity in mutant roots before and after NPA treatment, the DR5::GFP/DR5::YFP markers were introduced and observed. Most importantly, we discovered a unique mutation in the PIN1 protein, substituting a proline residue with leucine at position 584, leading to a loss of NPA sensitivity while keeping the auxin efflux capacity. Transforming the null mutant pin1-201 with the PIN1::PIN1P584L -GFP fusion construct rescued the PIN1 function and provided NPA hyposensitivity. The proline residue is predicted to be adjacent to a hinge in the middle region of the ninth transmembrane helix of PIN1 and is conserved from moss to higher plants. Our work may bring new insights into the engineering of NPA-resistant PINs for auxin biology studies.

Accurate and non-invasive localization of multi-focal ground-glass opacities via electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy assisting video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a single-center study.

Background: Accurate localization of multi-focal ground-glass opacities (GGOs) is crucial for successful video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) provides a minimally invasive and dependable approach for precise localization. This study assessed the accuracy and safety of ENB-guided localization in cases involving multi-focal GGOs. Methods: This retrospective study presents a single-center investigation into ENB-guided localization, utilizing methylene blue, for multi-focal GGOs assisting VATS. Clinical, surgical, and pathological data were collected from patients who underwent ENB-guided localization between 23 December 2019 and 31 August 2022. Results: The study examined 57 patients with multi-focal GGOs who underwent ENB-guided localization and VATS. A total of 150 GGOs were treated, with ENB-guided localization taking a median time of 65 min. Following localization, all patients proceeded to VATS, with a median duration of 170 min. The median lesion size measured 7.8 mm, with a 5-mm distance between GGO and pleura or fissure. When the distance between GGO and pleura/fissure exceeded 1 cm, an additional location point was introduced below the pleura or fissure based on GGO location. No complications related to localization were observed. The overall malignancy rate stood at 66%. Location precision was confirmed by measuring the marker-to-GGO lesion distance, resulting in a 94% (141/150) accuracy rate for GGO localization. Conclusion: ENB-guided methylene blue injection is a safe and precise method to treat multi-focal GGOs, potentially minimizing operation time and simplifying lesion detection.

Pushing Optical Virus Detection to a Single Particle through a High-Q Quasi-bound State in the Continuum in an All-dielectric Metasurface.

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a powerful platform for boosting light-matter interactions because they provide an alternative way of realizing optical resonances with ultrahigh quality factors, accompanied by extreme field confinement. In this work, we realized an optical biosensor by harnessing a quasi-BIC (qBIC) supported by an all-dielectric metasurface with broken symmetry, whose unit cell is composed of a silicon cuboid with two asymmetric air holes. Thanks to the excellent field confinement within the air gap of a metasurface enabled by such a high-Q qBIC, the figure of merit (FOM) of the biosensor is up to 2136.35 RIU-1. Futhermore, we demonstrated that such a high-Q metasurface can push the detection limit to a few virus particles. Our results may find exciting applications in extreme biochemical sensing like COVID-19 with ultralow concentrations.